Parallel Processing in Biological Systems. - Multicomputers in simulation. - Evolution in simulation oriented digital computers. - Classification of multicomputers. - Parallel simulation. - Simulation of biological systems and its need for parallel processing. - Simulation example on the AD10 multicomputer. - Concluding notes. - References. - An Elementary Bond Graph Approach to Structured Biological Modeling. - The need for unified graphical structured modeling. - General lines of the presentation. - Bond graph representation of energetical systems. - Hypergraph representation of energetical lumped systems. - The set EP of elementary parts or nodes. - The two elementary connection branches. - Bond graphs: A representation of a subclass of energetical hypergraphs. - The chemical energy domain. - Chemical EBG variables and energy storage elements. - Chemical reaction and dissipation by R-elements based on mass action. - The pseudo bond graph approach to reaction kinetics and compartments. - Representation of kinetic and potential energies by dynamical bond graphs. - Algorithmic representation of idealized physical models by bond graphs. - The EBG representation of an electrical IPM. - Representation algorithms for other systems. - Coupling of bond graphs and informational block diagrams. - Representation of information transfer in BG's by active bonds. - Coupling of active bonds to BG nodes. - Formulation algorithms: Automatic obtention of simulation routines. - The causal stroke: A graphical marker of causality. - Sequential assignment of causality for elements and junctions. - Algorithmic derivation of the procedural simulation routine. - Conclusion. - References. - Simulation of Typical Physiological Systems. - Recent advances in digital computing. - Success may cause trouble. - Other issues. - Atypical physiological model. - Non-linear relationships. - Algebraic relationships. - Integral relationships. - Summary. - References. - Parameter Estimation: An Advanced Simulation Tool in Biomedicine. - Model building of the renovascular system. - Parameter estimation. - Identification task. - Identification results. - References. - A Review of Respiratory System Applications of Computer Simulation and Modelling Techniques. - Physiological background. - The conceptual basis of modelling the system. - Modelling and simulation as research tools. - Simulation for teaching. - Simulation in respiratory gas exchange teaching. - The MacPuf model. - A computer simulation for training in anaesthesia. - Estimation techniques involving system identification methods. - Applications involving gas exchange models. - Lung mechanics models. - Models for on-line control. - Discussion. - References. - Computer Simulation in Cancer Research. - The cancer problem. - Biological observations of cell growth. - Growth of normal cells. - Growth of tumor cells. - Possibilities of cancer treatment. - Statement of the modeling problem. - Overview of previous work. - Model design. - Fundamental components. - Limitations. - Computer-implementation of the model. - Simulation results and discussions. - Formation of capillaries. - Spread of tumor cells in the cortex. - Tumor angiogenesis effect. - Outlook. - References. - Mathematical Simulation of the Human Thermal System. - Distributed parameter model: Radial dependencies. - Distributed parameter model: Three dimensional dependencies. - Data base. - Physics and mathematics of the passive system. - Metabolic heat production. - Convective heat transport. - Controller equations. - Numerical solution. - Results of simulation. - Distribution of temperatures and profiles in neutral environment. - Control strategy. - Temperature profiles in the cold and in the warmth. - References. - Large-Scale Multiple Model for the Simulation of Anesthesia. - Concept of the large-scale multiple model. - Model design. - Composition of the anesthesia model. - Hemodynamic submodel. - Compartmental transport model. - Baroreceptor control submodel. - Pharmacodynamic submodel. - Simulation results. - Conclusions. - References. Language: English