1. Introduction: The Issue and the Background. - 1. The Is-Ought Controversy. - 2. The Continental Tradition. - 3. Communicative Rationality and My Aim in this Program. - 2. Communicative Rationality and the Justification of Normative Validity Claims. - 1. Communicative Rationality: the Counter-Factual. - 2. Communicative vs. Cognitive Rationality. - 3. Initial Principles. - 4. Human Reason as the Only Justificatory Power of Values. - 5. Normative Validity Claims and Cultural Relativism. - 3. The Necessity of Radical Choice. - 1. Habermas' Communicative Ethics. - 2. Alan Gewirth's Attempt. - 3. The Question of Death. - 4. Good life No More And No Less Than the Life of Humans. - 5. The Rationality of Radical Choice. - 6. Humanitude vs. Human Nature. - 4. Meaning Ideality and Subjectivity. - 1. Recapitulation and Strategy 91 2. The Naturalistic Notion of Subjectivity and Reason vs. Cause. - 3. The Thesis of Subjectivity. - 4. Ideality and Validity Claims. - 5. Subjectivity and the Lifeworld Experience. - 6. The Transcendence of Subjectivity. - 7. Constitutive as Opposed to Conative Subjectivity. - 5. Radical Choice Fulfilled and the First Ought. - 1. Subjectivity and Humanitude. - 2. Radical Choice fulfilled and the Normative Redeemed. - 3. Freedom and the Normative. - 4. Ought and Responsibility. - 5. ?Value) ?Disvalue? and ?Non-Value?. - 6. Pre-Moralic and Moralic; ?Moral? ?Immoral? and ?Amoral?. - 7. Semi-Final Remarks and Anticipations. Language: English