Optocouplers, also known as optoisolators, are commonly used electronic components that provide electrical isolation between circuits while allowing signal transfer. Benefits Protect sensitive electronics from voltage spikes, surges, and EMI through galvanic isolation. Reduce ground loops and noise coupling between systems, improving signal integrity. Enable safe interfacing between different voltage domains, such as lowvoltage control logic and higherpower electronics. Key attributes Function: galvanic isolation with bidirectional signal transfer between input and output sides. Compatibility: suitable for digital and analog signaling; commonly used with microcontrollers, sensors, PLCs, and power electronics. Size: available in compact packaging to fit tightly on printed circuit boards. Material: input LED and output photodetector housed in a protective encapsulation designed for insulation and reliability. Performance: reliable isolation and stable operation across typical control and sensing applications, with predictable response characteristics. Use scenarios Microcontroller interfaces: isolate a lowvoltage microcontroller from noisy external circuits to prevent damage and interference. Isolated feedback in power electronics: provide safe feedback paths in switching regulators or motor drive systems. Industrial and automotive sensing: connect sensors to control electronics while maintaining protection against electrical noise and voltage transients. Testing considerations Testing optocouplers may require equipment and procedures capable of verifying isolation performance and signal transfer characteristics on the isolated and nonisolated sides.